Process of manufacturing leather from intestines



Patented li elb d, Edi- 33,

stars llwiiil tiol a mural n w n an l ll @Ffr EUGENE MARKUS, OF BUDAPEST, HUNGARY.

PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING LEATHER INTESTH'IES.

No Drawing.

To aZZ 107L097), it may concern.

mal intestines and consists essentially in at first submitting the cleansed intestines to a particular preparatory procedure in order to tree the cellular fibres as completely as possible from the glutinous substances and soluble salts, then filling the evacuated cells and their interstices with insoluble precipitates, the latter being subsequently lined by the introduction of such chemical compounds as will combine with the substance of the cells. The product thus obtained shows, in appearance as well as in its most important properties and possibilities of use, the characteristic features of real leather, viz, the skinny properties disappeared; the product remains durable even in a moist condition, and, when dried, it will not become still? and horny but flexible and suliiciently extensible without being too elastic; it is adapted to be sewn, glued, varnished, pressed, calendered, etc, whereas animal intestines when tanned in the manner hitherto known give a more or parchmentlike product shrinking in the direction of the longitudinal fibres.

The preparatory operation of evacuating the cells is best effected bv flowing water which is led longitudinally to the fibres. in about 24: to 48 hours practically all the soluble salts and o'lutens are removed. The intestines are now brought in an alkaline bath for instance in a 5 per cent. solution of soda in which they are mechanically treated by rubbing, kneading, brushing, milling or squeezing in order to ungrease and cleanse them thoroughly. Solutions of a half hard soap may be added to the alkaline bath. The alkaline liquor is then pressed out from the powerfully swollen intestines preferably between rolls which do not allow but a moderate shrinkage of the evacuated cells.

The filling of the empty cellular fibres with insoluble precipitates is effected by steeping the intestines in a series of solutions which by mutual reactions of the dissolved agents give such precipitates. I prefor to introduce different sorts of precipi- Application filed November 2 8, 1921. Serial No. 518,381.

' p .c round that in this way a greater ty of recipitates may be lastingiy inc pointed t in by the introduction oil a single sort oi precipitate' Accordingly, I employ baths oi the following solutions, each lining about 8 to 10 per cent of the respe cive agent and being allowed to act for 4- to S hours on intestines; oxalate of amu moniuzu, chloride of calcium, sulphate or" =-'uni, rhlorideof barium. Oxalate of mum and chloride of calcium give a e of o ate oi? calcium. By the m o the chloride of barium on the sulammonium imbibed in the precedsulphate o' barium is precipitated.

in; bi The pre.

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oitate pirate of barium which rounded granulation is the grains of the other coarse-grained and has The intestines leaving bath are examined, and. if the quanllO the la. .t

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recipitates taken up is not found em out, the whole series of baths may repeatedly employed.

It was foui'id that the dissolved agents penetrate also into the interior oi the cells. F'liinilarly as flour fills a sack, th evacuated cells of the intestinal tissue filled with theseveral precipitates. However, the premight partly escape in the work' lg up of, or in the use of the article made from, it e intestinal leather. Therefore, ll the incorporated precipitates by a further treatment consisting in the ll'1L.IO(lll(tlOll oi? chemical compounds which will combine with the substance of the cells, thus forming insoluble iompos' ion which will envelop the filled cells and prevent the escape of the precipitates. Such compounds are tae double salts i iorinlng out of heavy metallic salts, e. g.

ferric salts, and potassium terro-cyanide. Accordingly, l steep the intestines leaving the last or the former series of b: a bath of ferric chloride, and thereai'ter in a bath of potassium ferro-cyanide.

The intestinal leather thus obtained is then dried at some airy and not too hot place. In order to render it yet more pliable, it may be subjected to a further treatment. Saturation with glycerine known to impart a greater degree of pliability to skins, leather or other fibrousmaterials. I found that also a solution of lactates, such as lactate of so dium, in combination with an oily substance gives the same effect. I

After being dried again, advantageously between frames, the product is ready for use and may be Worked up as leather. The incorporated filling and fixing bodies generally impart some coloring. to the product, i

but it Will be understood that the Well-known dyeing coloring methods usual i th leather or textile industry may be employed to obtain any further dyeing efi'ect desired.

I am aware that ithas already been pro- Lpo'sed "to tan the intestines of animals. I

am also aware that tawing by the format on of an insoluble precipitate in the fibres off'a skin or membrane is not novel per se, and that a process of tanning skins is known Wherein'silica is incorporated With the constituent elements of the skin. Accordingly, I do not claim such singular steps of the process as above described. The essence of myinvention consists in the combination 'of'three main operations i. e. first, thorough evacuation of the cells, second, filling with insolubleprecipitates, third, fixation of the incorporated precipitates by the introduc- "t'io'n ofrhernicals combining with the cellular substance;

It is the combination of these steps in the above succession which leadsto a really leatherlike product.

I'claiin: 1. A proeess'of manufacturing leather or a leatherlike product from intestine Which consists'in removing the soluble salts and glutens by Washing, then filling the evacuated cells of the fibrous tissue and their interstices with insoluble precipitates, then fixing gaid precipitates by the introduction of compounds adapted to be bound'by the substance of the'cells.

2. "A process of manufacturing leather or a'le'atherlikeproduct from intestines which consists in removing the soluble salts and vglutens by washing, then filling the evacu- 'ated cells of the fibrous tissue and their interstices 'With a'series of insoluble preeipitates'of'di'fiierent sort, then fixing said precipitatesby the introduction of compounds adapted to be bound by the substance or the cells.

3. A process of manufacturing leather or aleatherlike product from intestines which consists in extracting the soluble salts and glutinous substances by flowing Water led longitudinally to'the fibres, then mechanically treating the intestines in an alkaline bath and pressing out the ungreased and sivollenfibrous tissue, then filling the evac hated-cells and their intestines with insoluble precipitates, and fixing said precipitates by the introduction of compounds adapted to bebound by the substance or the cells.

4. A proces of manufacturing leather or a leatherlike product from intestines which consists in extracting the soluble salts andglutens'by flowing ater ledlongitudi- 'nallyto the fibres, then mechanically treating the intestines in an alkaline bath and pressing "out the ung reased and swollen fibrous tissue, then bringing it in succession into baths of the following solutions oxalate of ammonium, chloride of calcium,

sulphate of ammonium, and chloride oibariuin, and then with successive baths of EUGENE MARKUS.

Witnesses: i

D. ERNsT PREUSZ, JULIUS 'SoHWARz. 

